HPLC

Drug	Column	Mobile phase (v/v)/ Detection (nm)	Flow rate (mL/min)	Ref
Albendazole	L11, 150 x 4.6mm, 5µm	acetonitrile, methanol and water in the ratio of (50:40:10)/ 254		16
Albendazole And CLOSANTEL	Hypersil BDS C18 (150 x 4.6 mm, 5μ)	acetonitrile: D.W.: methanol (60:30:10)/ 254	1.8	17
Albendazole and Ivermectin	NUCLEODUR C18 (250 x 4.6mm, 5 μ)	ACN: methanol: water (60:30:10)/ 245	1.8	18
Albendazole suspension of Rombendazo	Kromasil C18 (150 mm x 4.6 mm i.e.; 5 μm)	Methanol: Distilled water (65:35)	1.2	19
Albendazole and praziquantel	Inertsil ODS, C-18,250×4.6mm ID, 5µm	Phosphate Buﬀer pH 4.0: Acetonitrile: Methanol (20:70:10)/ 238	1.0	20
Albendazole and Ivermectin	INERTSIL C18 BDS column (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 µ)	Acetonitrile: methanol and water (40:60)/ 280	1.0	21
Albendazole and Ivermectin	SupelcosilTM (150 x 4.6 mm i.d.,5 µ)	Acetonitrile: Methanol: Buffer (pH 7.0) (51:25:24)		22
Albendazol and Triclabendazol	Lichrosorb RP-18 (5 μm) (250 × 4 mm)	Acetonitrile: ammonium acetate buffer solution of pH 6.6 (70:30)/ 298		23
MEBENDAZOLE	Aglient C18 250 x 4.6 mm, 5 μ	ACN: water pH 3.0 with OPA (90:10)/ 234	1.0	24
Mebendazole, Methylparaben and Propylparaben	(Inertsil ODS-3V) C18 Column (250mm × 4.6mm, 5μm particle size)	Methanol: 0.05M monobasic potassium phosphate: Acetonitrile (48:32:20)/247	1.5	25
Mebendazole and Levamisole	C18 column, zodiac 5µ (4.6×250mm)	Methanol: Acetonitrile (30:20:50)/ 235	1.0	26
Thiabendazole	ACE 5 C18 (4.6 x 50 mm, 5 μm particle size)	25% acetonitrile and 75% 10 mM 1-octanesulfonic acid sodium salt aqueous/ 300	1.5	27
Thiabendazole and mebendazole	C18 column	KH 2PO4 0.05 mol L-1 and methanol (40:60)/ 312	-	28
CHLORPHENIRAMINE MALEATE + DIETHYL CARBAMAZINE CITRATE	Kromasil C18 (250 x 4.6mm, 5μm particle size	(80:20) Acetonitrile: Potassium di hydrogen phosphate solution (0.01M, pH 3.0 adjusting with Ortho phosphoric acid	1.0	29
DIETHYL CARBAMAZINE	Phenomenex C8 column (15 cm×4.6 mm) of 5 μm particle Size	Acetonitrilel: Phosphate buffer (20 mM KH2PO4, adjusted to pH 3.2 with 10% ortho-phosphoric acid) in the ratio of (1:9)	1.5	30
DIETHYL CARBAMAZINE+ Levocetirizine	Princeton Sphere-100 C18 (250×4.6 mm. 5 μ)	20mM potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate buffer (pH: 3.2): acetonitrile (50:50 v/v)	1.0	31
DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE CITRATE, GUAIPHENESIN AND CHLORPHENIRAMINE MALEATE	luna phenyl-hexyl column (250 mmx4.6 mm, dp=5 μm)	0.1% triethylamine as buffer along with orthophosphoric acid adjusted to PH 2.5: acetonitrile (50:50v/v)	1.0	32
DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE AND LEVO-CETIRIZINE	Hypersil-BDS C18 (250×4.6 mm. 5 μ) column	potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate buffer (pH: 5): acetonitrile (20:80 v/v) and the pH was adjusted with orthophosphoric acid	1.0	33
Diethylcarbamazine Citrate and Cetirizine Hydrochloride	C18 phenomenexluna (250 × 4.6, 5μm)	0.05 M Phosphate buffer and Acetonitirile (pH 3) in the ratio of 60: 40 v/v.	1.0	34
Diethylcarbamazine Citrate and Chlorpheniramine Maleate	hypersil ODS-C18 (5μ, 250 mm x 4.6 mm	methanol: buffer (55:45v/v) (The combination of DEC and CPM used)	1.0	35
Phenobarbital and Acefylline Piperazine	Thermo Hypersil C18 gold column	Acetonitrile - 0.1% orthophosphoric acid (30:70, v/v)	1.5	36
Piperazine	Chiralpak IC (Diacel) of dimensions 250 X4.6 mm, 5μm	Acetonitrile, Methanol and diethyl amine in the ratio of 90:10:0.1(v/v/v).	1.0	37
Piperazine	Alltech AlltimaCyano (2504.6 mm) column	Naproxen piperazine 27.22 (1: 1) Naproxen hemipiperazine 15.76 (2: 1) Phenylbutazone hemipiperazine 12.26 (2: 1) Phenylbutazone piperazine 21.83 (1: 1)	0.5	38
Piperazine	C18 column (Waters Xbridge; 4.6 mm × 250 mm, particle size, 5 μm; Waters, Milford, MA, USA)	water and ACN (30:70, v/v).	1.0	39
Niclosamide	Zorbax C 18 (250×4.6, 5µm)	Potassium phosphate buffer: Acetonitrile (60:40)/ 290		40
Niclosamide	C-18 column (250nm x 4.66nm, 5 µm)	Methanol: 1mM ammonium phosphate buffer (85:15)/ 332	1.2	41
Niclosamide	Zorbax C18 (250×4.6, 5µm)	Potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer: Acetonitrile (60:40)/ 290	1.0	42
Niclosamide and Fenbendazole	L1 C18 100 A° column (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 μ)	potassium dihydrogen phosphate and acetonitrile (70:30)/ 290	1.0	43
Niclosamide and Levamisole Hydrochloride	Luna C18	Acetonitrile: buffer solutions (2∶8)/ 240		44
Pyrantel Pamoate, Praziquantel, Fenbendazole, Oxfendazole and Butylhydroxyanisole	Phenomenex Luna 3 mm phenyl–hexyl column (150×3.0 mm)	0.5% triethylamine at pH 9.0 and acetonitrile 55: 45 (v/v)/ 220	1.0 ml/min^-1	45
Praziquantel and Pyrantel Pamoate	Kromasil 60-5SIL. (250 mm x 4,6 mm i.d.; 5 5m particle size) Phenomenex	acetonitrile/distilled water (60/ 40 v/ v)/ 210	1.0 ml/min	46
Pyrantel Pamoate and Praziquantel	Luna C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm)	Water: Acetonitrile (20: 80)/ 220	1.0 ml/min	47
Oxantel Pamoate, Pyrantel Pamoat and Praziquantel	Reversed–Phase Column (4.6 X 150 Mm, 5 Μm) C18	ACN: MeOH:20 mM phosphate buffer (0.2 % TEA, pH 4.5) (50:10:40, v/v/v)/ 210	1.0 ml/min	48
Oxantel and Pyrantel Pamoate	150-mm χ 4.6-mm octyl Spherisorb® column (reversedphase, particle size 5 μm)	(42% v/v) and water (58% v/v) containing 0.1 Μ n-butylamine, pH adjusted/ 313 to 3.0 with perchloric acid	1.0 ml/min	49
Pyrantel Pamoate and Febantel	Hypersil BDS C18 (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μ) column	acetonitrile: phosphate buffer in the ratio 85:15% v/v and 55:45% v/v with apparent pH adjusted and maintained to 3.5 using 0.01M orthophosphoric acid/ 286	1.0 ml/min	50
Pyrantel Pamoate and Albendazole	BDS C-18 column (4.6 x 250mm, 5μ particle size)	0.1% Potassium dihyrogen Ortho phosphate (adjusted to pH 4.8 with triethylamine solution), Acetonitrile, methanol (40:40:20v/v)/ 311	1.0 ml/min	51
Ofalbendazole and Praziquantel	Enable C18column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 m	Acetonitrile - 0.1% orthophosphoric acid (30:70, v/v)/ 225	1.0 ml/min	52
Praziquantel	(Caltrex AI) Calixarene column	ACN and 25 mM ammonium acetate (NH4Ac) in the ratio of 40:60/ 210	1.0 ml/min	53
Pyrantel Pamoate, Praziquantel, Fenbendazole, Oxfendazole and Butylhydroxyanisole	Phenomenex Luna 3 mm phenyl–hexyl column (150×3.0 mm)	0.5% triethylamine at pH 9.0 and acetonitrile 55: 45 (v/v)/ 220	1.0 ml/min	54
Pyrantel Pamoate and Praziquantel	Luna C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm)	Water: Acetonitrile (20: 80)/ 220	1.0 ml/min	55
Praziquantel	C18 column Enable (250mm × 4.6 mm, 5μm)	acetonitrile and distilled water (60:40, v/v)/ 225	1.0 ml/min	56
Praziquantel	Luna C18 column (250mm × 4.6 mm, 5m particle size)	acetonitrile and distilled water (70:30, v/v)/ 217	1.0 ml/min	57
Praziquantel	Enable, C18 column (250×4.6 mm, 5 μm particle size)	acetonitrile: water in a ratio of (60:40 v/v)/ 225	1.0 ml/min	58
Oxantel Pamoate, Pyrantel Pamoat and Praziquantel	reversed–phase column (4.6 x 150 mm, 5 μm) C18	ACN: MeOH:20 mM phosphate buffer (0.2 % TEA, pH 4.5) (50:10:40, v/v/v)/ 210	1.5 ml/min	59
Levamisole	(250 X 4.6 mm I.D.) packed with TSK-GEL LS 410 ODS SIL (Cl8 chemically bonded silica gel, particle size 5 pm)	methanol-0.05 M ammonium carbonate solution (65:35, v/v)/ 232	1.0 ml/min	60
Linezolid and Levamisole Hydrochloride	Genesis® C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm id, 4 μm, BDS 120 Å)	Ammonium acetate and acetonitrile in the ratio 65:35 (%v/v)/ 236	0.9 ml/min	61
Oxyclozanide and Levamisole	X Bridge, size 150×4.6 mm, C18, particle size 3.5μm.	acetonitrile: methanol: 0.05M potassium dihydrogen phosphate in ratio (60:20:20)/ 220	1.0 ml/min	62
LEVAMISOLE	Welchrom C18 isocratic column, (250 mm × 4.6 mm	Methanol: Acetonitrile: Water 50:30:20 v/v, with apparent pH of 4.6/ 225	1.0 ml/min	63
Levamisole and Albendazole	Inertsil ODS C18 (4.6 x 150 mm, 5 𝜇m)	pH 3.5 and acetonitrile (70:30 v/v)/ 224	1.0 ml/min	64
Oxyclozanide and Levamisole Hcl	Thermo C18 (250 x 4.6 mm)	Acetonitrile: Methanol: Water in a ratio of 50:30:20 v/v/ 220	1.0 ml/min	65
Levamisole	YMC C18 column (250 x 4.6mm, 5 μ particle size)	Acetonitrile and water in the ratio of 80:20%V/V/ 217	0.7ml / min	66
Levamisole and Mebendazole	C18 column, zodiac 5μ (4.6×250mm).	pH 5.2: Methanol: Acetonitrile (30:20:50 v/v/v)/ 235	1.0 ml/min	67
Levamisole Hydrochloride and Anhydrous Niclosamide	Luna C-18 column	acetonitrile–buffer solutions (2:8, v/v)/ 240	0.7ml / min	68

TITRIMETRIC+SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC

Drug	Method	Reagent	λ (nm)	Linearity (µg/mL)	Ref
Albendazole	UV	ethanolic HCl	308	4-10	69
ALBENDAZOLE	UV	0.1N HCL	229	4-20	70
Albendazole	UV	Methanolic glacial acetic acid	235	2.5-20	71
Albendazole	UV	Double distilled water	295	5-25	72
ALBENDAZOLE	UV	HcL	482	10-110	73
Albendazole and Ivermectin	UV	1N HcL	248.8 314.4	5-40	74
Mebendazole	UV		234	1-10	75
MEBENDAZOLE AND LEVAMISOLE HYDROCHLORIDE	UV	1% H2SO4 in methanol	307	2-6	76
Levamisole HcL	Uv	methanol	213	2-14	77
Levamisole HcL	Uv	Distilled water	215	2-10	78
Levamisole HcL and Albendazole	Uv	Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: methanol	213 295	2-10	79
Diethylcarbamazine Citrate	Titrimetric & UV	Permanganate	545 nm	2.5-30 μg mL^-1 + 1-10 mg	80
Diethyl Carbamazine	Titrimetric & UV	N-bromosuccinimide	490 nm	15-120 μg mL^-1+ 3-18 mg	81
Diethylcarbamazine citrate	Titrimetric & UV	Iodate and Iodide	570 nm	2.5-50 mg and 2.5-30 μg mL^-1	82
Chlorpheniramine Maleate and Diethylcarbamazine Citrate	UV	0.01N sodium hydroxide	216nm and 261nm	10-50 μg mL^-1	83
Piperazine, Piperazine Salts and Diethylcarbamazine Citrate	UV	Chloranilic Acid	345 nm	1-10	84
Diethylcarbamazine Citrate	UV	Folin-Ciocalteu Phenol	760 nm	10-100	85
PIPERAZINE	UV	Pphenothiazine and N-bromosuccinimide	595 nm	0.5-5 μg/ml and 0.5-3 μg/ml	86
Piperazine	UV	Chloronil	545 nm	0.1-0.8 mg and 2 ml	87
Piperazine, Piperazine Salts and Diethylcarbamazine Citrate	UV	Chloranilic Acid	345 nm	1-10 μg/ml	88
Niclosamide	UV	Methanol	243	25-150	89
Niclosamide	UV	1 M hydrochloric acid, 0.75 ml 1% sodium nitrite solutions, 0.5 ml 3% sulphamic acid solution, 2 ml 0.1 % 2,6 dihydroxybenzoic acid reagent solution, 0.6 ml of 1M NaOH are added.	456	5-300	90
Niclosamide and fenbendazole	UV	0.1 N Methanolic HCl	317 and 226	3-9	91
Pyrantel Pamoate Using Iron (III) Chloride	UV	ferricyanide (method A), 1, 10-phenanthroline (method B) and 2,2’-bipyridyl (method C).	750, 520 and 530 nm,	3.0-35, 1.0-30 and 2.0-35 μg mL-1	92
Pyrantel in Pyrantel Pamoate	UV	Ammonium hydroxide, 1,4-dioxane, perchloric acid, Hhydrochloric acid, and Chloroform	311 nm	-	93
PYRANTEL PAMOATE	UV	PYL solution	380, 420 and 430 nm	0.1- 2.5 ml(Method-A) 0.1- 3.25 (Method-B) 0.1- 2.5 ml(Method-C)	94
Pyrantel Pamoate	UV	Phenol red and Thymol blue	430 and420 nm	0.02-0.5 and 0.05-0.8 μg ml^–1	95
Albendazole and Praziquantel	UV	Methanol	210 nm	10-130% (0.665-9.972 mg L^-1).	96
Praziquantel	UV	Methyl alcohol	287.2nm- 236.6 nm	10:1	97
Oxyclozanide and Levamisole	UV	methanol, ammonium hydroxide and potassium dihydrogen phosphat	220 nm	5-40 μg/ml	98
Levamisole Hydrochloride	UV	Distilled Water	215nm	2-10 μg/ml	99

COLORIMETRIC

Drug	Detection (nm)	Linearity (μg/mL)	Buffered	Ref
PIPERAZINE	516 nm	4-20 ug/ml	pH 5.4	100
Antibilharzial Drug Praziquantel	550, 425, 460, 844 and 393nm	2.0-48 mgml^-1	Ethanol	101

SPECTROFLUORIMETRY

Drug

Detection (nm)

Buffers

Linearity (μg/mL)

Reagent

Ref

Praziquantel

263 nm

acetate buffers (pH 3.7-4.7) and phosphate buffers (pH 5.8-

7.8)

1-20 μg/mL

Water

102

Drug	Column	Carrier gas	Air flow	Injection mode	Diluent	Linearity (mg/mL)	Ref
Piperazine, 1-Methyl Piperazine and 1-Ethyl Piperazine	DB-17equivalent toUSP Phase G3[(50%-Phenyl)-methylpolysiloxane] (30 m×0.53mm, 1μm) capillarycolumn	Helium	40mL/min andHydrogen flow of 400mL/min.	Split modewith a split ratio of 1:5.	Methanol	25 ^-1 to 150	103
1‑(3‑Trifluoromethylphenyl) piperazine and 1‑(3‑Chlorophenyl) piperazine	D B ‑ 5 M S (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 µm)	Nitrogen	15 mL/min	Split flow, split ratio is 15:1	Methanol	0.1- 100	104
Piperazine	30 m x 0.3 mm i.d fused silica column coated with a 3.0 Ltrn film of 5% cross linked Ph-Me silicone	Nitrogen	1 ml min	-	Methanol	0.4-10 ppm	105
Levamisole	Agilent DB-5MS UI column (30 m × 0.25 mm, 0.25-μm film thickness	Helium	1 mL/min.	Splitless injection for 1 min		6 - 8300	106

HPTLC

Durg	Method	Mobile Phase	λ (nm)	Ref
Albendazole	TLC	dichloromethane: methanol (90:10)	232	107
Albendazole	TLC	dichloromethane: methanol (90:10)	232	108
Albendazole and albendazole sulfoxide	HPTLC	Toluene: acetonitrile: glacial acetic acid (7.0:2.9:0.1)	225	109
Niclosamide	HPTLC	Toluene: ethyl acetate (7:3)	332	110
Oxyclozanide And Levamisole Hydrochloride	HPTLC	Toluene: acetone: ammonia (5:5:0.04 v/v/v)	225 nm.	111
Oxyclozanide And Levamisole HCl	HPTLC	Ethyl acetate: Ammonia: TEA: Methanol (6:0.5:0.2:0.5 v/v)	220 nm	112
Levamisole	TLC	methanol: water: 0.1% acetic acid (7:2.5:0.5, v/v/v)	213 nm	113

LCMS

Drug	Column	Mobile phase (v/v) / Detection wavelength (nm)	Flow rate (mL/min)	λ (nm)	Ref
Diethyl Carbamazine Citrate and Chlorpheniramine Maleate	Sunfre C18, 5 (im (250 mmx 4.6 mm i.d.)	water: methanol: 10% triethyl amine (10:90:0.1, v/v; pH 5.5)	1.0 ml/min	225 nm.	114
diethylcarbamazine, albendazole and albendazole metabolites	UPLC®BEH C18 column (100 x 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) with	0.05 % formic acid in methanol and 0.05 % formic acid	0.2 ml/min	-	115
Ivermectin, Febantel, Praziquantel, Pyrantel pamoate	C8 column (50 x 2.1 mm i.d) coupled with a C8 (10 x 2.1 mm i.d) guard column	Water/Acetonitrile (15:85 v/v) containing 0.1% formic acid and 3 mmol/L ammonium formate.	200 μL/min.^-1	-	116

MASS

Drug

Column

Mobile phase (v/v) / Detection

wavelength (nm)

Flow rate (mL/min)

Linearity Range

Ref

Levamisole

Poroshell 120

EC C18, 50x3 mm, 2.7 μm particle size

0.1 % formic acid; 0.1 % formic acid

in acetonitrile

0.3 mL min^-1

5, 25, 50, 100 and

150 μg L-¹

117

Levamisole

GAgilent DB-5MS UI column (30 m × 0.25 mm

1 M sodium hydroxide

and 95:5 hexane/isoamyl alcohol extraction

6–223 ng/mL

118

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Received on 03.06.2019 Accepted on 25.06.2019

Asian J. Pharm. Res. 2019; 9(3):209-218.

DOI: 10.5958/2231-5691.2019.00035.2

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